The Growing Global Burden of Brain Diseases

Brain diseases are increasing worldwide due to demographic shifts, population growth, and longer lifespans, with their global economic impact estimated to exceed $5 trillion. These conditions encompass neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke, mental health challenges like depression and anxiety, and neurological conditions including epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Other categories include brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, infectious diseases like meningitis, developmental and genetic disorders, autoimmune and metabolic diseases, as well as neuropsychiatric and functional neurological conditions.

Challenges in Treating Brain Disorders

Invasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) with implanted electrodes is used as a treatment for e.g., severe movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. While effective, the risks of brain surgery limit the exploration of alternative brain targets and restrict the potential for broader therapeutic applications.

Advancing Non-Invasive Neuromodulation

Neuromodulation offers a promising non-pharmacological treatment by directly regulating abnormal neural activity underlying various brain disorders. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) have been widely used in research and clinical settings. However, their ability to reach deeper brain structures often comes at the cost of stronger stimulation to the overlying cortex, increasing the risk of unintended side effects near safety thresholds.

Novelty

Temporal interference (TI) bridges the gap between classical NIBS technologies and DBS: it enables non- or minimally invasive, steerable stimulation of deep brain structures. This new method paves the way for a transformative stimulation strategy for a wide range of brain disorders, opening new possibilities for safe, effective, and patient-centered therapies.

Basics

Temporal interference (TI) is a new non-invasive brain stimulation method capable of targeting deep brain structures, unlike conventional transcranial electrical stimulation.

TI stimulation utilizes harmonic electric fields applied through scalp electrodes at slightly different frequencies in the kHz range (e.g., f1 = 10.00 kHz and f2 = 10.01 kHz). The difference between these frequencies creates an envelope, also called beat frequency (here: 10 Hz), which falls within the physiological range of brain activity (1 – 100 Hz), and is able to modulate neural activity. This enables targeted stimulation of specific brain regions without affecting nearby areas. Additionally, adjusting the electrical currents across electrode pairs allows for steering, offering flexibility without the need to move the electrodes.

Advanced TI

The use of multiple electrical currents has the following advantages, such as:

• Enhanced focus of the stimulation region
• Simultaneous stimulation of multiple brain areas
• Creation of complex envelope shapes and patterns
• Flexibility for advanced stimulation protocols

TI Solutions and ZMT Exhibit at Brain Stimulation 2025

TI Solutions and Z43 partner ZMT are excited to present their latest neuromodulation and simulation tools at the upcoming 6th Brain Stimulation Conference in Kobe, Japan, February 23 – 26, 2025. In addition, experts of the IT’IS Foundation will present their latest research.

Booth #23+24

Meet us at Booth #23+24 for a demonstration of

• the TIBS-R V3.2 neuromodulation device, now with enhanced trigger functionality, enabling delivery of arbitrary-shaped envelope waveforms via phase modulation upon receiving an external trigger with minimal latency for advanced closed-loop studies (compatible with all our EEG and MRI filters)
• the TIP V3.0 temporal interference modeling tool for personalized stimulation planning with TIBS-R
• how you can use Sim4Life to advance patient-specific neural stimulation and sensing with ease through in silico modeling
• how Sim4Life automated workflows significantly reduce R&D time and costs
• how your innovation benefits from using the gold standard of high-resolution neuro-functionalized anatomical models or image-based modeling techniques already implemented in Sim4Life

Breakfast Workshop

Tuesday, February 25, 7:30 – 8:30 hrs, Reception Hall

Join our Breakfast Workshop “From Exposure Physics to Physiology: Next-Generation Neuromodulation Research with Sim4Life”:

• Discover how integrating exposure physics with neurophysiology is key for realistic modeling and simulation in the fast-moving field of neuromodulation.
• Explore real-world examples of personalized approaches, safety assessments, and the development of novel stimulation paradigms, and learn how automated workflows can cut down on R&D time and costs.

For more details and registration, visit the ZMT workshop website.

Symposium 4H

Wednesday, February 26, 13:30 – 15:30 hrs, Room 502 KICC

Join us at Symposium 4H “Advanced In Silico Techniques for Next-Generation Stimulation and Sensing Technologies / Advances in Automated Algorithms, Robotics, and Coil Designs for TMS”:

13:30 – 13:45 hrs
Highly Personalized Modeling of Stimulation-Driven Brain Network Responses for Next-Generation Neuromodulation
Fariba Karimi, Taylor H. Newton, Melanie Steiner, Javier Garcia Ordóñez, Elena Beanato, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Niels Kuster, Esra Neufeld

13:45 – 14:00 hrs
In Silico Safety Investigation of Temporal Interference Stimulation and Electric Stimulation in the Presence of Implants
Antonino M. Cassarà, Fariba Karimi, Taylor Newton, Myles H. Capstick, Niels Kuster, Esra Neufeld, Tobias Ruff

14:00 – 14:15 hrs
Insights on Neural Sensing from Biophysically-Detailed Models of Neural Circuits Joseph Tharayil, Antonino M. Cassarà, Bryn Lloyd, Silvia Farcito, Niels Kuster, Esra Neufeld, Michael Reimann, Werner Van Geit

14:15 – 14:30 hrs
Biophysics-Based Surrogate Modeling for Neural Interface Optimization, Activity Mapping, and Closed-Loop Control of Electroceuticals Esra Neufeld, Werner Van Geit, Javier Garcia Ordóñez, Antonino M. Cassarà, Niels Kuster

We look forward to interesting exchange in Kobe!

TIBS-R V3.2 – Minimal Latency Trigger Functionality for Closed-Loop Protocols

The TIBS-R software has been upgraded, adding the capability of delivering envelope waveforms of arbitrary shapes with minimal latency upon receiving an external trigger. This new feature builds upon the proven phase-modulated temporal interference (TI) mode and allows the application of currents from 2 – 8 channels that combine to create a programmable envelope shape in the target region.

In the new mode, instead of continuously repeating the programmed envelope, the modulation envelope stops – typically in anti-phase, to ensure that the currents sum to zero – until a trigger is received. Upon triggering, the pattern plays once, generating a TI pulse. When combined with a feedback loop – e.g., from electroencephalography (EEG), which can be recorded during TI stimulation with the EEG filter solution of our partner organization IT’IS Foundation – this feature facilitates the realization of flexible, closed-loop stimulation protocols.

Version 3.2 of the IT’IS TI Planning tool, a computational online tool designed to simplify the optimization of targeted TI neurostimulation protocols for the TIBS-R device, will soon be released. This update includes artificial-intelligence-powered optimized placement of fiducial points and a comprehensive multivariable optimization pipeline, for analysis of the entire set of possible setups.

For further information about our TIBS-R system, please contact us.

TI Solutions and ZMT Exhibit at NANS 2025

TI Solutions and Z43 partner ZMT are excited to present their latest products for optimized targeted neuromodulation at the upcoming North American Neuromodulation Society 28th Annual Meeting (NANS) in Orlando, Florida, USA, January 30 – February 1, 2025.

Booth #445

Join us at Booth #445 for a demonstration of

• the TIBS-R V3.2 neuromodulation device, now with enhanced trigger functionality, enabling delivery of arbitrary-shaped envelope waveforms via phase modulation upon receiving an external trigger with minimal latency for advanced closed-loop studies (compatible with all our EEG and MRI filters)
• the TIP V3.0 temporal interference modeling tool for personalized stimulation planning with TIBS-R
• how you can use Sim4Life to advance patient-specific neural stimulation and sensing with ease through in silico modeling
• how Sim4Life automated workflows significantly reduce R&D time and costs
• how your innovation benefits from using the gold standard of high-resolution neuro-functionalized anatomical models or image-based modeling techniques already implemented in Sim4Life

Poster Presentations

Don’t miss the poster presentations from the IT’IS Foundation, who will share the latest research findings:

Jan 30, 2025, 8:00 – 17:00 hrs

Intelligent Meta-Modeling and Rapid Stimulation Predictors Enable In Silico Energy and Performance Optimization of Bioelectronic Implants
Javier García Ordóñez, Werner Van Geit, Antonino M. Cassarà, Esra Neufeld, and Niels Kuster

Electrical Impedance Tomography and Model-Based Control for Neural Interfaces on Complex Nerves
Esra Neufeld, Werner Van Geit, Simon Bolt, and Niels Kuster

Jan 31, 2025, 17:30 – 19:00 hrs

Planning Tool for Personalized Temporal Interference Stimulation Optimization
Melanie Steiner, Esra Neufeld, Odei Maiz, Dustin Kaiser, Bryn Lloyd, Silvia Farcito

We look forward to meeting you in Orlando!

The Z43 Newsquarter features the latest developments and activities of Zurich43

This edition covers:

• IT’IS and SPEAG Achieve ISO 17025 (Re-)Accreditation, Regulatory Updates at TCB Council Workshop, Z43 Jubilees Party
• the Release of the DASY8/6 Module R&D V1.2, DASY83D V1.8, Sim4Life V8.2, MAGPy V2.8, and Publications

TI Solutions Exhibits at International Meeting on Temporal Interference Brain Stimulation

TI Solutions experts exhibited the first International Meeting on Temporal Interference Brain Stimulation UK DRI Centre at Imperial in London, UK, on Sept 25 – 26, 2024, where the community came together to discuss ideas, share results, and exchange insights.

The two days were filled with interesting research results and key takeaways that will help drive future progress. Our experts were joined by colleagues from Z43 partner IT’IS Foundation who contributed with presentations on “Principles for TI Stimulation Electronic Hardware, “Principles of TI stimulation field modeling”, and “Safety Considerations for TI Stimulation”.

The full program of the UK DRI Workshop is accessible on the Imperial College website.

Thank you to the organizers – we are excited to see what’s next!

TIBS-R V3.0 Warranties Maximum Performance of the IT’IS EEG Filters

We are pleased to announce the release of TIBS-R V3.0! This upgrade of our temporal interference (TI) stimulation system improves the accuracy of the currents in the presence of large variations in electrode contacts and further reduces second-order intermodulation products (IM2). When used in conjunction with our electroencephalography (EEG) filter solution, IM2 products are reduced to well below the EEG noise floor, allowing artifact-free recordings during stimulating. This opens up new possibilities for closed-loop EEG-based stimulation protocols. A wireless charging option extends TIBS-R’s operating time, e.g., for overnight experiments.

TIBS-R is certified for electrical safety according to IEC 60601-1:2005 + A1:2012 + A2:2020 and designed to meet the needs of rigorous, innovative, and advanced research. It consists of a high-precision, broadband-intelligent current source, an electrode connection box, and hardware-based input and output interfaces. The Python and MATLAB-compatible application programming interface allows the creation of complex stimulation protocols, as well as integration with EEG and other equipment for sophisticated experimental setups.

Version 3.0 of the TI Planning tool, a computational online tool designed to simplify the optimization of targeted TI neurostimulation protocols for the TIBS-R device, will soon be released. This update offers easy-to-apply personalization of stimulation using a novel AI segmentation implementation of magnetic resonance imaging data that has been specifically developed for TI.

For further information about our TIBS-R system, please contact us. For more information about TIP V3.0, check out this YouTube video.

Electro­ence­phalo­graphy Recording during TI Stimulation

Many research groups would like to perform closed-loop temporal interference stimulation studies. Our partner, the IT’IS Foundation, has developed brand new filters specifically for the our TIBS-R device that allow uncompromised high-density encephalogram (EEG) recordings during stimulation.

Unlike other brain stimulation modalities, high-frequency temporal interference (TI) stimulation in principle allows for recording of an EEG during stimulation – provided that the TI device does not generate intermodulation voltages and high-order filters are used between the EEG electrodes and the EEG recording system – opening up the possibility for researchers to monitor stimulation response and investigate new closed-loop stimulation strategies that were previously not possible.

IT’IS, in collaboration with Nir Grossman’s group at Imperial College London, developed high-end battery-powered active filters. A low-pass filter – designed for use with passive EEG electrodes – for either 128 or 256 channels has been built for the high-density EEG systems manufactured by Electrical Geodesics, Inc. (EGI), and 32-channel modules are available for the systems of BrainProducts. In addition, a passive high-pass filter for each of the 8 stimulation channels of the TIBS-R device, was developed to suppress low frequency noise and any low-level intermodulation.

The new filter solution has been extensively tested in collaboration with the University Hospitals of Zurich.

More information is available under this link on our website.

TIBS-R V2.0 – Phase Modulation for Shaping Interference

We are pleased to announce the release of TIBS-R V2.0! This upgrade of our temporal interference (TI) system offers an important new feature, i.e., multi-channel phase modulation. This allows researchers to generate complex modulation waveforms inside the brain where the different currents overlap, for a wider range of experimental possibilities. Also included in the upgrade are improvements in the device’s reliability and stability.

Designed to meet the needs of rigorous research, TIBS-R V2.0 consists of a high-precision broadband intelligent current source (ICS), electrode connection box (ECB), and hardware-based in- and output interfaces. Built on the existing Python and MatLab-compatible application programming interface, V2.0 supports a diverse range of experimental protocols. The next version of the online TI Planning tool TIP V2.0 – developed by our partner, the IT’IS Foundation, specifically for TIBS-R V2.0 – supports all of the new features of TIBS-R V2.0 and reduces optimization of targeted neurostimulation protocols to three simple steps.

For further information about our TIBS-R system, please contact us. For more information about TIP V2.0, check out this YouTube video.

TIBS-R and TIBS-R-MRI – The Ultimate Technology for TI

After exactly 3 years of intense collaboration with Z43 partners, we have completed the development of our Temporal Interference Brain Stimulator for Research (TIBS-R).

Today, we release Version 1.02, which will be demonstrated next week at NANS2023 in Las Vegas. The design of the device and the maximally flexible software are optimized for advanced TI brain stimulation research. We look forward to engaging with those research groups who will receive devices through our Early Adopter Program, and we will continue working to optimize the device to facilitate the most advanced TI research.

For further information about our TIBS-R system, please contact us. To find out more about our technology, check out this YouTube video.

New Innosuisse Project MRIcompLEAD

TI Solutions is part of the Innosuisse project “MRIcompLEAD". The project aims to develop novel leads for applications involving neurostimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal is to significantly outperform current solutions in terms of MRI-safety (no heating effects), MRI-compatibility (no imaging artifacts) and mechanical stability. The project officially starts on February 1, 2023 and runs until January 31, 2025.

TIBS-R and TIBS-R-MRI – Final Prototype of New TI Technology

After nearly two years of intense collaboration with the IT’IS Foundation, we have completed the prototype development of our Temporal Interference Brain Stimulator for Research (TIBS-R).

The final prototype exists in two variants: a standard configuration (TIBS-R) and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible configuration (TIBS-R-MRI). Both variants consist of the battery-powered Intelligent Current Source (ICS) with eight fully differential channels that can be connected to any third-party electrodes via an Electrode Connection Box (ECB). It is controlled via the Application Programming Interface sent by a computer via optical connections.

The ICS and its external components make TIBS-R/TIBS-R-MRI the most flexible instrument for performing advanced TI research. It allows for millions of different stimulation scenarios in the lab or during functional MRI scans.

For further information about our TIBS-R system, please contact us.

TIBS-R V3.2

TIBS-R Components

At the core of Temporal Interference Brain Stimulator for Research (TIBS-R) is the Intelligent Current Source (ICS) with unique specifications that can be connected to 3rd-party electrodes via an Electrode Connection Box (ECB). The ICS is controlled by a computer (PC) via an Application Programming Interface (API). Highly flexible scripting interfaces in multiple languages (e.g., Python, MATLAB) and custom-specific graphical user interfaces (GUIs) can be accessed in the Programming Window. Optical inputs and outputs are available for synchronization with external triggers (Trigger In/Out), e.g., electroencephalography (EEG) instruments. The modulation envelope is available as an analog signal (Envelope Out), e.g., to record with the EEG. The stimulation can be stopped at any time by pressing one of the two optically connected Emergency Stops.

Real-Time Monitoring and Safety Features

All pertinent parameters and information, including stimulation protocol, currents, voltages, impedances, inputs, etc., are continuously recorded and displayed to the researchers on the monitoring window. TIBS-R is electrically isolated and compliant with the relevant standards. Any malfunction is automatically detected and puts the device in a non-stimulating state that requires self-validation before stimulation can be continued.

EEG and MRI Compatibility

Concurrent EEG recording during TI stimulation requires our TI-EEG Solution that includes a high-pass filter (HPF) piggybacked to the ECB and an EEG system-specific low-pass filter (LPF) before the EEG amplifiers.

Concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) requires our TI-MRI solution including special resistive electrodes and a different type of ECB.

Specifications of TIBS-R V3.2

AWG: arbitrary waveform generator; EEG: electroencephalogram; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; WPT-TX/RX: wireless power transfer option

*in future release only

**compliant with implemented safety concept (Cassarà AM et al. bioRxiv. 2022.12.15.520077; IEC standards)

***EEG solution provided by the IT’IS Foundation

Minimal PC specifications (PC not included): Windows 11 Pro, 16 GB RAM, UHD graphics, USB-C

ICS

Intelligent Current Source (ICS)

The core component of the TIBS-R system is the battery-powered, 8-channel programmable high-impedance current source generating precise direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) from 0 - > 100 kHz. To ensure superior electrical safety, the ICS is solely optically connected to the external world. The PC via optical Ethernet and other peripherals, including external trigger circuits, monitoring ports, and emergency stops, are also optically connected via fibers.

Signal Generation

The PC communicates with the ICS via a highly flexible scripting interface. Some commands pertain to the configuration of the ICS and others to the signals to be generated. The signals that can be generated broadly fall into two categories, i.e., sinusoids and arbitrary waveforms. All the signal data is checked for integrity and completeness and any errors are reported back to the operator.

The signals for all 8 channels are generated in the same Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) architectures, ensuring synchronization across all the channels. The synthesized digital signals are converted to the analog domain using digital to analog converters (DAC). The DACs have a special architecture that allows control of the amplitude of the output current independent of the waveform providing simple control of the ramping at start and stop of an experiment to avoid transient effects.

Safety Features

All current sources are fully differential allowing good control of the balance. At the output of the current source, monitoring circuits digitize the voltage and current and the relays that enable the output. Each channel can generate currents from DC to 100 kHz. To maintain operation within safe limits, frequency dependent hardware current limiters have been implemented based on the latest safety information available. Additionally, users can program lower current limits to meet specific experimental requirements.

An Electrode Connection Box (ECB) is connected to the ICS using a 3 m cable. The cable consists of eight individually screened twisted pairs for each of the eight current source channels and a shielded connection for the ground reference electrode. The ECB is made from plastic and houses the touch-proof electrode connectors, which are in turn connected to the cable via common mode and differential mode filters.

Continous Operation

For continuous operation, our wireless power transfer solution (TI-WPT) can be connected between the ICS and ECB.

TI-EEG Filter Solutions

EEG Filter Solutions of the IT’IS Foundation

The unique TI Filter Solutions for TIBS-R of the IT’IS Foundation IT’IS Foundation allow for artifact-free concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) recording during temporal interference (TI) stimulation in the 2 – 50 kHz frequency range.

High-Pass Filter

The 8-channel passive current mode high-pass filter (HPF-8) is positioned between the Electrode Connection Box and the stimulation electrodes to further reduce the low frequency components and noise generated by the Intelligent Current Source (ICS), while preserving the TI stimulation currents. For typical use cases, 2nd order intermodulation (IM2) products are attenuated below 30 nVrms.

Low-Pass Filter

The low pass filter (LPF) is placed between the EEG recording electrodes and the EEG amplifier. It is engineered to prevent TI carrier signals from causing compression or intermodulation distortion in the EEG amplifier. The active 7th-order, ultra-low noise, ultra-low distortion design provides a flat response up to 90 Hz, while attenuating carrier signals of 1 kHz and higher by >130 dB. Each EEG channel has its own filter, referenced to the COM / GND electrode of the EEG cap.

HPF-8

LPF-32BP (stackable)

LPF-128EGI/LPF-256EGI

Available Systems

Currently solutions are available for Electrical Geodesic Inc. (EGI) and Brain Vision LLC. Solutions for other EEG systems can be developed upon request.

Disclaimer

The TI Filter Solutions are third-party tools developed by the IT’IS Foundation. We do not control or endorse these third-party tools. We do not assume any responsibility or give any assurance for the accuracy, functionality, availability, usability, applicability, or performance of the tools provided by IT’IS and the results generated by these third-party tools, nor do we assume any responsibility for any potential issues or damages resulting from their use.

TI-MRI Solution

Bear With Us!

We are in the process of updating this page to ensure all the information is available for you. Please check back soon!

Thank you for your patience!

Precise TI Stimulation with TIP and Sim4Life

The Challenges

The shape of the human head and its dielectric properties are highly variable, non-homogeneous, and non-isotropic, posing significant challenges in achieving the desired interference patterns in target tissues while ensuring minimal or no modulation in off-target regions. Overcoming these complexities requires highly accurate current sources, meticulous planning, and robust tools for interpreting results and assessing stimulation sensitivities to tissue parameter variations. These challenges are equally relevant for in vivo experiments.

Our Solution

The synergy between the Temporal Interference Planning (TIP) tool and the computational platform Sim4Life provides researchers with the most advanced solution to master these challenges. By combining TIP’s intuitive protocol design with Sim4Life’s cutting-edge simulation and analysis capabilities, they empower researchers to efficiently develop, optimize, and validate TI protocols with unmatched precision.

TIP’s Core Strengths

• User-friendly design: Intuitive interface tailored for TI research

• Personalization: Automated segmentation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data

• Rapid optimization: Automated parameter sweeping for quick results

• Broad accessibility: Designed for researchers without computational expertise

• TI-specific tools: Streamlined simulation modes to enhance productivity

For more details visit the IT’IS TI Planning webpage.

Sim4Life’s Advanced Capabilities

• Comprehensive simulation: Multiphysics engine for realistic modeling

• Sophisticated analysis: Advanced post-processing and visualization tools

• Detailed modeling: Neuronal tissue simulations with high precision

• Rich visual outputs: Insights through advanced visualizations

For more details visit www.sim4life.swiss.

A Powerful Workflow

By combining TIP’s rapid protocol design with Sim4Life’s powerful simulation and analysis tools, researchers can seamlessly transition from initial design to in-depth validation. TIP empowers researchers to efficiently optimize protocols through its accessible, TI-focused interface. These protocols can then be transferred to Sim4Life for advanced modeling, analysis, and visualization. This integration ensures an efficient and comprehensive approach to TI stimulation research, enabling breakthroughs with confidence and precision.

TIP V3.0

Temporal Interference Planning Tool of IT’IS

The Temporal Interference Planning (TIP) tool Version 3.0 of the IT’IS Foundation developed for TIBS-R provides an advanced modeling pipeline for electrode placement and stimulation targeting with the TIBS-R system, offering cloud-based simulations and interactive visualizations. Read more on the IT’IS TI Planning webpage.

Personalized Optimization

Incorporate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for individualized results, using automatic image processing to create tissue models with isotropic or anisotropic conductivity for simulations.

Electromagnetic Simulations

Generate isotropic or anisotropic simulations and export optimization-ready files.

Configuration

Select species, stimulation target, and electrode locations defined on the 10-10 system to narrow the configuration search space.

Optimal Configuration Identification

Explore high-performing exposure parameters with metrics and visualizations, and easily document findings.

Visualization

Depict advanced phase modulation schemes and pulse shapes of the complete electric field and its x-, y-, and z-components.

Analysis

Visualize and analyze selected conditions using Sim4Life (see www.sim4life.swiss).

Disclaimer

TIP is a third-party tool developed by the IT’IS Foundation. Sim4Life is a third-party tool developed by ZMT Zurich MedTech AG. We do not control or endorse these third-party tools. We do not assume any responsibility or give any assurance for the accuracy, functionality, availability, usability, applicability, or performance of the tools provided by IT’IS or ZMT and the results generated by these third-party tools, nor do we assume any responsibility for any potential issues or damages resulting from their use.

Sim4Life V8.2

Sim4Life Platform

The Sim4Life platform of ZMT Zurich MedTech AG, available for both cloud and desktop use, is the premier computational tool for biomedical simulations, healthcare applications, and technical system design, featuring specialized features for temporal interference (TI) planning and analysis.

Multiphysics Simulation

Sim4Life combines powerful physics solvers with detailed anatomical models to analyze complex biological phenomena and technical devices. The platform includes:

• Electromagnetic solvers (full-wave and quasi-static)

• Bioheat and thermodynamics solvers

• Acoustics and wave propagation solvers

• Fluid dynamics solvers

Anatomical Models

The software integrates highly detailed anatomical models:

• Virtual Population (ViP) human phantoms

• Virtual Zoo (ViZoo) animal phantoms

• Sub-mm resolution with hundreds of tissues and organs

• Dynamic tissue models with integrated physiological information

Device Design and Optimization

Sim4Life offers advanced tools for designing and optimizing medical and body-worn devices:

• Computer-aided design (CAD) tools and versatile file importers

• Specialized routing tools for implant lead trajectories

• Multi-parameter, multi-goal optimizer

• Parameterized modeling and sweeper functions

Physiological Response Modeling

The platform includes tissue and physiology models for assessing dynamic processes:

• Electrophysiological neuron models

• Thermal tissue damage models

• Perfusion and thermoregulation models

• Database of tissue properties

Regulatory Compliance

Sim4Life provides tools for regulatory-grade modeling:

• Verified and validated evaluations for exposure metrics

• Tissue temperature increase evaluations

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) implant safety assessments (IMAnalytics with MRIxViP Libraries)

Usability and Accessibility

• Available in both desktop and web-based versions

• Cloud-based technology for collaborative work and scalability

• Intuitive user interface with search functionality

• Project organization and sharing capabilities

Performance and Customization

• High-performance computing (HPC)-accelerated solvers for managing complex 3D simulations

• Python API for workflow automation and custom tool creation

• Integration capabilities for custom-optimized software modules

Specific TI Features

• Import and manipulate TIP projects

• Programming and visualization of custom-specific optimization goals

• Utilizing the large library of neuron models

• Applying custom-defined electrodes

• Assessing the impact of conductive implants on TI

• Case-specific safety evaluations

• Direct comparison of measurement and simulations and more

Access

Please visit www.sim4life.swiss for more details, registration for the cloud-based tools or obtaining desktop licenses.

Disclaimer

Sim4Life is a third-party tool developed by ZMT Zurich MedTech AG. We do not control or endorse this third-party tool. We do not assume any responsibility or give any assurance for the accuracy, functionality, availability, usability, applicability, or performance of the tools provided by ZMT and the results generated by these third-party tools, nor do we assume any responsibility for any potential issues or damages resulting from their use.

Early Adopter Program

How can I become part of the EAP?

Researchers interested in joining our Early Adopter Program are encouraged to contact us to schedule a preliminary conference call. Following this discussion, a short written proposal needs to be submitted for consideration. Proposals will be reviewed by our board based on their scientific significance, relevance, originality, and feasibility. Approved projects will then officially enter the EAP.

Please note that all studies admitted to the EAP must receive approval from the relevant regulatory institution overseeing the study. This is a mandatory requirement before our TIBS-R device can be provided for the proposed research project.

TIBS-R is under continuous development, with ongoing improvements and feature expansions. EAP participants have the opportunity to lease an 8-channel device for CHF 500/month, with maintenance and support included in the lease price. The minimum lease period is six months.

Additional Options

Additional options, such as magnetic resonance imaging compatibility and continuous operation via wireless power transfer, are available upon special request.

Research Programs

Bear With Us!

We are in the process of updating this page to ensure all the information is available for you. Please check back soon!

Thank you for your patience!

Selected Publications

Cassarà AM et al. Recommendations for the Safe Application of Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Brain Part I: Principles of Electrical Neuromodulation and Adverse Effects. Bioelectromagnetics. 2025; 46:e22542. doi:10.1002/bem.22542

Cassarà AM et al. Recommendations for the Safe Application of Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Brain Part II: Biophysics, Dosimetry, and Safety Recommendations. Bioelectromagnetics. 2025; 46:e22536. doi:10.1002/bem.22536

Caldas-Martinez S et al. Cell-specific effects of temporal interference stimulation on cortical function. Commun Biol. 2024; 7:1076. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06728

Liu R et al. Temporal interference stimulation targets deep primate brain. NeuroImage. 2024; 291:120581. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120581

Vassiliadis P et al. Safety, tolerability and blinding efficiency of non-invasive deep transcranial temporal interference stimulation: First experience from more than 250 sessions. J Neural Eng. 2024; 21:024001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad2d32

Vieira PG et al. Temporal interference stimulation disrupts spike timing in the primate brain. Nature Commun. 2024; 15:4558. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48962

Wang Y et al. The safety and efficacy of applying a high-current temporal interference electrical stimulation in humans. Front Hum Neurosci. 2024; 18:1484593. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1484593

Budde RB et al. Temporal interference current stimulation in peripheral nerves is not driven by envelope extraction. J Neural Eng. 2023; 20(2):026041. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/acc6f1

Iszak K et al. Why temporal inference stimulation may fail in the human brain: A pilot research study. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(7):1813. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11071813

Violante IR et al. Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimuation of the human hippocampus. Nat Neurosci. 2023; 26:1994–2004. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01456-8

Wessel MJ et al. Noninvasive theta-burst stimulation of the human striatum enhances striatal activity and motor skill learning. Nat Neurosci. 2023; 26:2005–2016. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01457-7

Acerbo E et al. Focal non-invasive deep-brain stimulation with temporal interference for the suppression of epileptic biomarkers. Front Neurosci. 2022; 16:945221. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.945221

Botzanowski B et al. Noninvasive stimulation of peripheral nerves using temporally-interfering electrical fields. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022; 11(17):e2200075. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202200075

Cassarà AM et al. Safety recommendations for temporal interference stimulation in the brain. bioRxiv. 2022.12.15.520077. doi: 10.1101/2022.12.15.52007

Lee S et al. Multipair transcranial temporal interference stimulation for improved focalized stimulation of deep brain regions: A simulation study. Comput Biol Med. 2022; 143:105337. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105337

Liu R et al. A noninvasive deep brain stimulation method via temporal-spatial interference magneto-acoustic effect: Simulation and experimental validation. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2022; 69(8):2474-2483. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3187748

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The Board

Niels Kuster

Prof. Niels Kuster (President of the Board) is the founder and Director of the Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS Foundation) in Zurich, Switzerland, and Associate Professor of the Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at ETH Zurich. His research covers many aspects of electromagnetics and computational life sciences, including TI. He is a long-time member of several standardization bodies and serves as a consultant on exposure safety assessment for governmental agencies around the globe.

Ed Boyden

Prof. Ed Boyden is Y. Eva Tan Professor in Neurotechnology at MIT in Boston, USA, Professor of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He leads the Synthetic Neurobiology Group, which develops new biotechnological tools for probing, analyzing, and engineering brain circuits. He and Nir Grossman are inventors of the TI stimulation technology patent.

Nir Grossman

Prof. Nir Grossman is a Lecturer at Imperial College London, a founding fellow of the UK Dementia Research Institute, and is affiliated with Imperial’s Centre for Bioinspired Technology and Centre for Neurotechnology, MIT’s Media Lab, and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research. His research focuses on the development of new tools and principles for neuromodulatory interventions for neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorders. He and Ed Boyden are the inventors of the TI stimulation technology patent.

Esra Neufeld

Dr. Esra Neufeld is Associate Director of the Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS Foundation) in Zurich, Switzerland, and Head of the Computational Life Science group at IT’IS. He leads several research teams on advanced multiphysics simulation in medicine, treatment-planning software, medical image analysis and anatomical model generation, applied simulations, particularly in the field of bio-electromagnetics and electromagnetic-tissue interactions (heating, neurostimulation, cell proliferation, etc.) as well as in silico clinical trials and standardization.

Henrich Kisker

Henrich Kisker holds various positions as internal and external adviser on corporate, legal, and financial matters for a number of international companies. Since 2005, he has also been a member of the advisory board (“Bankrat”) of one of the largest Swiss banks, the Zürcher Kantonalbank, which has total assets of 167 billion Swiss francs. Until his retirement in 2018, he was the head of the tax and treasury functions of Senior PLC, an international manufacturing group listed on the London Stock Exchange.

Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Prof. Alvaro Pascual-Leone is Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School and a Senior Scientist at the Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA. He is a pioneer in the use of noninvasive brain stimulation and its application for the study of brain behavior relations and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in neuropsychiatry. His contributions range from technology development to basic neurobiological insights gained from animal studies and modeling approaches to human proof-of-principle and multicenter clinical trials.

Our Team and Contributors

Dmytro Baibara

Dmytro Baibara (R&D) was born in Ukraine, where he graduated in 2011 with a M.Sc. in Computer Science from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute of the National Technical University of Ukraine. His professional background spans software development in various fields and environments, for example, medical devices, image processing, rapid prototyping, and data analysis. In spring 2018, he joined SPEAG in Zurich, Switzerland, as a Senior Software Developer, contributing to the ICEy team.

Stefan Beerli

Dr. Stefan Beerli (Head of Hardware) completed his M.Sc. in Physics and his Ph.D. in Theoretical High Energy Physics from ETH Zurich, Switzerland. He then joined the transceiver company AXSEM (later acquired by OnSemi), where he focused on analog IC design, lab evaluation of transceivers as well as software and firmware development. He joined the IT’IS Foundation and TI Solutions in Zurich, Switzerland, in early 2023 as Senior R&D Engineer and TI Product Head and is responsible for the TI stimulation product line (TIBS-R and accessories) and the support of its users worldwide.

Manuel Brönnimann

Manuel Brönnimann (R&D) is a Hardware Development Engineer with a strong background in electronic hardware design, FPGA firmware programming, and control and automation system designs. He earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland, followed by a M.Sc. in Automation from TU Darmstadt, Germany. With over 12 years of experience working at the PSI in Villigen and Helbling Technic in Zurich, Switzerland, he has gained extensive expertise in designing and developing advanced engineering solutions.

Cédric Bujard

Dr. Cédric Bujard (R&D) graduated from Berklee College of Music, Boston, USA, in Musical Theory and Composition, and in Sound Production and Engineering before obtaining his M.SC. in Mathematics from EPFL, Switzerland, and his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Strasbourg, France. After working as a lecturer at EPFL and in the private sector as a data scientist and software engineer, he joined the IT’IS Foundation and TI Solutions in Zurich, Switzerland, in late 2021. He develops solutions in mathematical modeling, including surrogate modeling, data analysis, optimization algorithms, system validation, and uncertainty quantification.

Myles Capstick

Dr. Myles Capstick (CTO) is an Electronic Engineer and Associate Director, Project Leader and Head of Hardware at the IT’IS Foundation in Zurich, Switzerland. His expertise encompasses the design of analog, radiofrequency, microwave, and millimeter-wave systems, subsystems, circuits, and antennas, which he applies in the fields of device and system development for health risk assessment studies (in vitro, in vivo animal and human studies), measurement technology, and biomedicine. He was instrumental in developing the TIBS-R hardware and the filter solutions for electroencephalography compatibility.

Antonino Cassarà

Dr. Antonino Cassarà (R&D) obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, before joining the IT’IS Foundation in Zurich, Switzerland, as a PostDoc in 2014. Since 2017, he is Project Leader for Neurostimulation Applications at IT’IS, focusing on coupled electromagnetic-neuronal dynamics modeling, neuro-functionalized models, and neuromodulation applications in the peripheral and central nervous system, as well as imaging of neuronal currents by means of magnetic resonance imaging, modeling of the neuronal activity and neuro-electric sources.

Nik Chavannes

Dr. Nicolas Chavannes (R&D) is an Electrical Engineer and Head of Software at the IT’IS Foundation in Zurich, Switzerland, leading all in-house simulation software R&D related activities, with a particular focus on the Sim4Life computational platform. He has extensive experience in graphical user interface and framework design, utilizing standard object-oriented methods and modern web-based technologies/libraries. His expertise also encompasses build and deploy systems, maintenance, version control, cross-platform development, and quality assurance.

Ninad Chitnis

Ninad Chitnis (R&D) is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at the IT’IS Foundation in Zurich, Switzerland. Originally from Mumbai, India, he moved to Zurich to complete his M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering at ETH Zurich, specializing in radiofrequency engineering. After graduating in mid-2021, he spent about a year working at SPEAG in Zurich, during which he contributed to magnetic resonance imaging compatibility research for TIBS-R.

Eric Hainfeld

Eric Hainfeld (Head of Production) joined SPEAG in Zurich, Switzerland, in 2002 as an Electronics Technician, following his education and apprenticeship in electronics. He initially worked in electronics production and the calibration laboratory, where he built, tested, and calibrated all of Z43’s electronic products. Since 2010, he leads the electronics team and has also taken on responsibilities for in-house IT support.

Tibor Kiss

Tibor Kiss (R&D) is an accomplished Embedded Software Engineer with a diverse background spanning multiple cutting-edge industries. After obtaining his B.Sc. in Electronics and Communication Engineering in 1996, he has devoted his career to innovative developments in both embedded systems and broader software engineering domains. His expertise encompasses audio, biotech, smart-grid fields, showcasing his versatility and adaptability in tackling complex technological challenges. He joined SPEAG in Zurich, Switzerland, in 2023 where he contributes to various projects.

Sven Kühn

Dr. Sven Kühn (R&D) holds a Dipl. Ing. (M.Sc.) in Information and Communication Technology from Chemnitz University of Technology and a Ph.D. from ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Since joining SPEAG in Zurich in 2009, he led key innovations like the TDS sensor platform and ICEy system. Since 2022, he is Director of Hardware R&D, where he oversees hardware research and development efforts to drive innovation. He also manages SPEAG’s ISO17025-accredited calibration laboratory, ensuring top-tier standards in R&D and calibration.

Odei Maiz

Odei Maiz (R&D) is a Software Engineer at the IT’IS Foundation in Zurich, Switzerland, where he is involved in developing advanced computational tools, including the state-of-the-art Sim4Life platform, o2S2PARC, and TIP. He holds a B.Sc. in Telecommunications Engineering and has experience in frontend application development, application programming interface generation and inter-process communication, and microservice creation.

Livio Ponato

Livio Ponato (R&D) began his career with an apprenticeship as a Multimedia Electronics Technician. In 2012, after 11 months as an Electronics Technician at Bruker Biospin, he started at the Höhere Fachschule Uster, Switzerland, to study electronics. He joined SPEAG in Zurich in 2013 where he worked until 2017 before leaving to gain additional experience. During this time, he also completed his post-graduate studies as Business Engineer NDS HF. In early 2019, Livio returned to SPEAG as an Electrical Engineer.

Sylvain Reboux

Dr. Sylvain Reboux (Head of Software) is a Senior Software Engineer with a M.Sc. in Fluid Mechanics from Université Pierre and Marie Curie, France, and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Nottingham, UK. Throughout his career, he has specialized in electromagnetic simulations and medical technologies, contributing to FDA-certified medical toolkits and cutting-edge electromagnetic applications. At TI Solutions, he leads the development of TIP, refining neurostimulation protocols through advanced simulations.

Sabine Regel

Dr. Sabine Regel (CEO) earned her Ph.D. in Sleep Research from the University of Zurich, Switzerland. After her PostDoc, she transitioned from an active research career to research management, taking on pivotal roles at King’s College London, UK, and the ETH Zurich. With a proven track record in contributing to national and international multi-university research programs and other centers of excellence, she excels at driving strategic collaborations in complex, multi-stakeholder environments.

Bruno Rivara

Bruno Rivara (R&D) was born in Parma, Italy, and moved to Switzerland in 1994. During his career, he has developed a strong expertise in embedded systems, computer vision, communications, and system programming. He joined SPEAG in Zurich in 2012 as an R&D engineer and currently holds the position as senior R&D engineer, contributing to the development of various SPEAG products and also supporting other projects at Z43.

Mischa Sabathy

Mischa Sabathy (R&D) earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Applied Sciences (HSR) in Rapperswil, Switzerland, before joining the HSR Wireless Lab as a research associate. To this day, he continues to serve as an external advisor for B.Sc. and M.Sc. theses in electrical engineering at the Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences. Throughout his career, he has gained extensive experience as a Radiofrequency Engineer in various companies, specializing in high-frequency circuit design, programming, and algorithm development. Mischa has been with TI Solutions since its inception.

Melanie Steiner

Melanie Steiner (R&D) is a Software Engineer and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) Specialist. She holds a M.Sc. in Biomedical Engineering from ETH Zurich, Switzerland, where she completed her thesis on Personalized Brain Stimulation Planning and Correlation with Functional and Behavioral Responses in a Temporal Interference Stimulation Trial performed at the IT’IS Foundation in Zurich, Switzerland. At TI Solutions, she is a lead developer of the TIP tool, contributing to its advancement and optimization.

Sajeethan Thuraisamy

Sajeethan Thuraisamy (R&D) began his career at SPEAG in Zurich, Switzerland, as a Polymechanic and Mechanical Engineer in early 2014 and has been working for TI Solutions in Zurich since 2022. He completed an apprenticeship in mechanics with a specialization in Computer Numerical Control Machining in 2011. At both SPEAG and TI Solutions, he is responsible for designing and manufacturing mechanical components, as well as developing the mechanics of new products.

External Experts

Peter Achermann

Prof. Peter Achermann (External Expert) is Emeritus Professor at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, Vice President of the IT’IS Foundation Board in Zurich, and served as Scientific Director of The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research in Zurich until March 2021. He is internationally recognized for his contributions to sleep electroencephalography analysis, modeling of sleep regulation and circadian rhythms, and investigations related to biological effects of electromagnetic fields.

Thomas Schid

Thomas Schmid (External Expert) is an Electrical Engineer and was a co-founder of SPEAG in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1994. He is affiliated with the Institute for Biomedical Engineering of ETH Zurich, Switzerland. His main recent focus is on advancing imaging quality and safety of magnetic resonance imaging.

Jobs

While we do not have any open positions at the moment, we are always looking for passionate and talented individuals seeking a challenging opportunity to join our team.

Stay in touch and check back for future openings!

Vacancies

No vacancies at present, please visit our jobs page again soon.

How to Apply to an Open Position

If a profile fits one of the advertized positions, please prepare your complete resume materials (in English) consisting of:

• Motivational letter
• Tailored CV (maximum 2 pages)
• Diplomas
• Transcripts (with grades)
• Work certificates and/or reference letters (if available)

Important: Please ensure that the above are all saved as a single A4 PDF document.

Please email your single PDF application to:

Yvonne Maeder
jobs@z43.swiss

Or by post to:

Zurich43
Yvonne Maeder
Zeughausstrasse 43
8004 Zurich
Switzerland